What is the term for a type of data analysis that quantitatively summarizes patterns and relationships in a dataset?

The term for a type of data analysis that quantitatively summarizes patterns and relationships in a dataset is indeed summary statistics. This approach involves calculating measures such as mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation, which provide concise information about the central tendency, dispersion, and overall distribution of the data. Summary statistics allow analysts to understand the general characteristics of the dataset in a straightforward manner.

While exploratory data analysis encompasses a broader approach that includes visualizations and various techniques to uncover underlying patterns, summary statistics specifically focus on quantifying those relationships and patterns. Both inferential statistics and qualitative analysis serve different purposes; inferential statistics is used to draw conclusions about a population based on sample data, and qualitative analysis involves non-numerical data and interpretations. Therefore, summary statistics is the most appropriate term for the type of quantitative analysis being described in the question.