Which AI discipline enables machines to improve estimative capabilities without explicit instructions?

The selected answer, Machine Learning, is correct because it empowers machines to learn and improve from data without needing explicit programming or instructions for every specific task. Through algorithms and statistical models, machine learning systems analyze and identify patterns within datasets, allowing them to make predictions or decisions based on new data. This capability enables continuous improvement in accuracy and performance as more data becomes available.

In contrast, while deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks to process complex data, it still fundamentally relies on the principles of machine learning to allow systems to learn from data. Artificial intelligence serves as the broader field encompassing various techniques, including machine learning, but does not specifically describe the self-improvement aspect. Data mining focuses on extracting patterns and knowledge from large datasets but typically involves human intervention for analysis and interpretation, rather than enabling automated improvement of estimates.