Which statistical concept relates to determining how many standard deviations a value is from the mean?

The concept that relates to determining how many standard deviations a value is from the mean is the Z-score. A Z-score measures the number of standard deviations an individual data point is away from the mean of a dataset. It is calculated by subtracting the mean from the data point and then dividing by the standard deviation. This standardized score allows for comparison between different datasets and provides insight into the position of a value relative to the overall distribution.

In contrast, standard deviation and variance are measures of dispersion in a dataset but do not provide information about individual data points' positions regarding the mean. The mean absolute deviation measures the average distance of data points from the mean but does not express this distance in terms of standard deviations. Therefore, the Z-score is the statistical concept that precisely captures the relationship between a data point and its mean in terms of standard deviations.